Yi amfani da hanyar haɗin da ke ƙasa don raba cikakken sigar wannan labarin tare da abokanka da abokan aiki.Ƙara koyo.
Bincika halin rashin tabbas da abubuwan tasiri na marasa lafiya na COVID-19 a asibitocin mafaka ta hannu.
A watan Fabrairun 2020, majinyata 114 na COVID-19 da aka kwantar a asibitin tafi da gidanka da ke birnin Wuhan na lardin Hubei, an shigar da su cikin rukunin ta hanyar amfani da samfurin saukakawa.An yi amfani da sigar Sinanci na Sikelin Rashin tabbas na Cutar Mishel (MUIS) don tantance rashin tabbas game da cutar majiyyaci, kuma an yi amfani da nazarin koma baya da yawa don gano abubuwan da ke da tasiri.
Matsakaicin jimillar makin MUIS (nau'in Sinanci) shine 52.22±12.51, wanda ke nuni da cewa rashin tabbas na cutar yana kan matsakaicin matsayi.Sakamakon ya tabbatar da cewa matsakaicin ƙima na rashin tabbas mai girma shine mafi girma: 2.88 ± 0.90.Matsaloli masu yawa na sake komawa baya sun nuna cewa mata (t = 2.462, p = .015) suna da kuɗin shiga iyali na wata-wata ba kasa da RMB 10,000 (t = -2.095, p = .039), kuma yanayin rashin lafiya shine ≥ 28 days ( t = 2.249, p =. 027) wani abu ne mai zaman kansa mai tasiri na rashin tabbas na cututtuka.
Marasa lafiya tare da COVID-19 suna cikin matsakaicin matakin rashin tabbas na cuta.Ya kamata ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya su kara maida hankali ga majinyata mata, marasa lafiya da ke da karancin kudin shiga na iyali a kowane wata, da majinyata da ke fama da cutar, da kuma daukar matakan da suka dace don taimaka musu wajen rage rashin tabbas na cutar.
Fuskantar wata sabuwar cuta mai saurin yaduwa da ba a san ta ba, marasa lafiya da aka gano suna da COVID-19 suna cikin matsanancin damuwa ta jiki da ta hankali, kuma rashin tabbas na cutar shine babban tushen damuwa da ke addabar marasa lafiya.Wannan binciken ya bincika rashin tabbas na cutar na marasa lafiya na COVID-19 a asibitocin mafaka ta hannu, kuma sakamakon ya nuna matsakaicin matakin.Sakamakon binciken zai amfana da ma'aikatan jinya, masu tsara manufofin jama'a da masu bincike na gaba a kowane yanayi da ke ba da kulawa ga masu cutar COVID-19.
A karshen shekarar 2019, cutar Coronavirus ta 2019 (COVID-19) ta barke a birnin Wuhan na lardin Hubei na kasar Sin, inda ta zama babbar matsalar kiwon lafiyar jama'a a kasar Sin da duniya baki daya (Huang et al., 2020).Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta lissafa ta a matsayin gaggawar lafiyar jama'a na damuwa na kasa da kasa (PHEIC).Domin takaita yaduwar cutar, Cibiyar Kula da Kariya da Kula da Cututtuka ta Wuhan COVID-19 ta yanke shawarar gina asibitocin matsuguni da yawa don kula da marasa lafiya masu rauni.Fuskantar wata sabuwar cuta mai saurin yaduwa da ba a san ta ba, marasa lafiya da aka gano suna da COVID-19 suna fama da matsananciyar damuwa ta jiki da kuma matsananciyar damuwa (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).Rashin tabbas na cutar shine babban tushen damuwa da ke addabar marasa lafiya.Kamar yadda aka bayyana, wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da majiyyaci ya rasa iko akan abubuwan da suka shafi cututtuka da kuma makomarsu, kuma yana iya faruwa a kowane mataki na cutar (misali, A lokacin ganewar asali, ... a matakin jiyya, ko rashin lafiya). tsira) (Mishel et al., 2018).Rashin tabbas na cutar yana da alaƙa da mummunan sakamakon zamantakewa-psychological, da kuma rashin lafiyar da ke da alaka da rashin lafiyar rayuwa da kuma mafi tsanani bayyanar cututtuka na jiki (Kim et al., 2020; Parker et al., 2016; Szulczewski et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2015).Wannan binciken yana nufin bincika matsayin yanzu da abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin tabbas na cuta a cikin marasa lafiya tare da COVID-19, da kuma samar da tushe don nazarin sa baki da ya dace a nan gaba.
COVID-19 sabuwar cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta ta B wacce ke yaɗuwa ta hanyar ɗigon numfashi da kusanci.Cutar kwalara ce mai tsanani a cikin karni na 21 kuma tana da tasirin da ba a taba yin irinsa a duniya ba kan lafiyar kwakwalwar mutane.Tun bayan bullar cutar COVID-19 a birnin Wuhan na lardin Hubei a karshen shekarar 2019, an samu bullar cutar a kasashe da yankuna 213.A ranar 11 ga Maris, 2020, WHO ta ayyana cutar a matsayin annoba ta duniya (Xiong et al., 2020).Yayin da cutar ta COVIC-19 ke yaɗuwa kuma tana ci gaba, matsalolin tunanin mutum da suka biyo baya sun zama mafi mahimmancin shawarwari.Yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa cutar ta COVID-19 tana da alaƙa da manyan matakan damuwa na tunani.A cikin fuskantar bala'i, mutane da yawa, musamman ma masu cutar COVID-19, za su sami jerin halayen halayen rai kamar damuwa da firgita (Le, Dang, et al., 2020; Tee ML et al., 2020; Wang, Chudzicka -Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).Cutar sankara, lokacin shiryawa, da jiyya na COVID-19 har yanzu suna cikin matakin bincike, kuma har yanzu akwai batutuwa da yawa da za a fayyace ta fuskar ganewar asali, jiyya da fahimtar kimiyya.Barkewar cutar da kuma ci gaba da yaduwa ya sanya mutane jin rashin tabbas da rashin iya shawo kan cutar.Da zarar an gano shi, majiyyacin ba shi da tabbacin ko akwai magani mai inganci, ko za a iya warkewa, yadda za a yi amfani da lokacin keɓewa, da kuma irin tasirin da hakan zai yi wa kansu da danginsu.Rashin tabbas na rashin lafiya yana sanya mutum cikin yanayin damuwa akai-akai kuma yana haifar da damuwa, damuwa da tsoro (Hao F et al., 2020).
A cikin 1981, Mishel ya ayyana rashin tabbas na cuta kuma ya gabatar da shi a fagen jinya.Lokacin da mutum ba shi da ikon yin hukunci game da abubuwan da suka shafi cututtuka kuma cutar ta haifar da abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da suka shafi motsa jiki, mutum ba zai iya yin hukunci daidai ba game da abun da ke ciki da ma'anar abubuwan da suka faru, kuma yanayin rashin tabbas na cututtuka zai faru.Lokacin da majiyyaci ba zai iya amfani da iliminsa na ilimi ba, goyon bayan zamantakewa, ko dangantaka da mai ba da lafiya don samun bayanai da ilimin da yake bukata, rashin tabbas na cutar yana ƙaruwa.Lokacin da ciwo, gajiya, ko abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyi suka faru, rashin bayanin zai karu, kuma rashin tabbas na cutar zai karu.A lokaci guda, rashin tabbas na rashin tabbas yana da alaƙa da raguwar ikon aiwatar da sabbin bayanai, hasashen sakamako, da daidaitawa ga ganewar asali (Mishel et al., 2018; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018).
An yi amfani da rashin tabbas na cuta a cikin nazarin marasa lafiya da cututtuka daban-daban da cututtuka masu tsanani, kuma yawancin sakamakon da aka samu ya nuna cewa wannan ƙima na cutar yana da alaƙa da sakamakon mummunan sakamako na marasa lafiya.Musamman, cututtukan yanayi suna haɗuwa da babban matakin rashin tabbas na cuta (Mullins et al., 2017);rashin tabbas na cuta shine mai hangen nesa na ciki (Zhang et al., 2018);Bugu da ƙari, rashin tabbas na cututtuka ana la'akari da shi gaba ɗaya Yana da mummunan al'amari (Hoth et al., 2015; Parker et al., 2016; Sharkey et al., 2018) kuma an yi imanin yana da alaƙa da mummunan sakamako na psychosocial kamar damuwa na tunani, damuwa, ko rashin hankali (Kim et al. Mutane, 2020; Szulczewski et al., 2017).Ba wai kawai yana tsoma baki tare da ikon marasa lafiya na neman bayanan cutar ba, don haka yana hana zaɓin jiyya da kiwon lafiya (Moreland & Santacroce, 2018), amma kuma yana rage ingancin rayuwar marasa lafiya da ke da alaƙa da lafiya, har ma da alamun bayyanar cututtuka na zahiri (Guan et al. al. Mutane, 2020; Varner et al., 2019).
Bisa la’akari da wadannan munanan illolin rashin tabbas na cututtuka, masu bincike da yawa sun fara mai da hankali kan rashin tabbas na marasa lafiya da ke fama da cututtuka daban-daban da kuma kokarin lalubo hanyoyin da za a rage yawan rashin tabbas na cututtuka.Ka'idar Mishel ta bayyana cewa rashin tabbas na cutar yana faruwa ne ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka marasa tabbas, rikitarwa da kulawa da kulawa, rashin bayanan da ke da alaka da ganewar asali da tsananin cutar, da kuma tsarin cututtuka da ba a iya ganewa ba.Hakanan yana shafar matakin fahimi na marasa lafiya da tallafin zamantakewa.Nazarin ya gano cewa fahimtar rashin tabbas na cututtuka yana shafar abubuwa da yawa.Shekaru, launin fata, ra'ayi na al'adu, ilimin ilimi, matsayi na tattalin arziki, yanayin cutar, da kuma ko cutar tana da rikitarwa ta wasu cututtuka ko alamun cututtuka a cikin bayanan alƙaluma da na asibiti na marasa lafiya a matsayin abubuwan da suka shafi fahimtar rashin tabbas na cututtuka. .Yawancin karatu (Parker et al., 2016).
Bincika halin rashin tabbas da abubuwan tasiri na marasa lafiya na COVID-19 a asibitocin mafaka ta hannu.
An gudanar da wani bincike mai zurfi a asibitin matsuguni na wayar hannu, wanda ya mamaye fadin murabba'in murabba'in mita 1385, wanda ya kasu kashi uku, tare da gadaje 678.
Ta hanyar amfani da hanyar samfurin dacewa, majinyata 114 na COVID-19 da aka kwantar a asibitin tafi da gidanka a Wuhan, lardin Hubei a watan Fabrairun 2020 an yi amfani da su azaman abubuwan bincike.Sharuɗɗan haɗawa: 18-65 shekaru;an tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 kuma an rarraba ta asibiti azaman masu sauƙi ko matsakaici bisa ga ƙa'idodin bincike na ƙasa da jagororin jiyya;amince da shiga cikin binciken.Ma'auni na keɓancewa: nakasar fahimi ko tabin hankali ko tabin hankali;mai tsanani na gani, ji ko nakasar harshe.
Dangane da ka'idojin keɓancewa na COVID-19, an gudanar da binciken ne ta hanyar tambayoyin lantarki, kuma an kafa tabbaci na ma'ana don inganta ingancin tambayoyin.A cikin wannan binciken, an gudanar da binciken kan-site na marasa lafiya na COVID-19 da aka shigar da su a asibitin matsuguni ta hannu, kuma masu binciken sun bincikar marasa lafiya sosai bisa ga ƙa'idodin haɗawa da keɓancewa.Masu bincike suna umurci marasa lafiya su kammala tambayoyin a cikin harshe ɗaya.Marasa lafiya suna cika takardar tambayoyin ba tare da sunansu ba ta hanyar bincika lambar QR.
Tambayoyin bayanan da aka tsara da kansu sun haɗa da jinsi, shekaru, matsayin aure, adadin yara, wurin zama, matakin ilimi, matsayin aiki da kuɗin shiga iyali na wata-wata, da kuma lokacin tun farkon COVID-19, da kuma dangi. da abokanan da suka kamu da cutar.
Farfesa Mishel ne ya ƙirƙira Ma'aunin Rashin Tabbacin Cutar a 1981, kuma ƙungiyar Ye Zengjie ta sake duba shi don samar da sigar Sinanci ta MUIS (Ye et al., 2018).Ya haɗa da girma uku na rashin tabbas da jimillar abubuwa 20: rashin fahimta (abubuwa 8).), rashin tsabta (abubuwa 7) da rashin tabbas (abubuwa 5), wanda abubuwa 4 ke juyawa abubuwan maki.Ana ƙididdige waɗannan abubuwan ta hanyar amfani da sikelin maki 5 na Likert, inda 1 = ba su yarda sosai ba, 5= yarda da ƙarfi, kuma jimillar makin shine 20-100;mafi girman maki, mafi girma rashin tabbas.An raba maki zuwa matakai uku: ƙananan (20-46.6), matsakaici (46.7-73.3) da babba (73.3-100).Cronbach's α na MUIS na kasar Sin shine 0.825, kuma Cronbach's α na kowane girma shine 0.807-0.864.
An sanar da mahalarta game da manufar binciken, kuma an sami yarda da izini lokacin daukar mahalarta.Daga nan sai suka fara cika da son rai tare da gabatar da tambayoyin kan layi.
Yi amfani da SPSS 16.0 don kafa bayanai da shigo da bayanai don bincike.An bayyana bayanan ƙidaya a matsayin kashi kuma an bincika ta gwajin chi-square;Ana bayyana ma'aunin ma'aunin da ya dace da rarraba na yau da kullun azaman ma'anar ± daidaitaccen karkatacciyar hanya, kuma ana amfani da gwajin t don nazarin abubuwan da ke shafar rashin tabbas na yanayin mai haƙuri ta COVID-19 ta hanyar amfani da koma baya ta mataki da yawa.Lokacin p <.05, bambancin yana da mahimmancin ƙididdiga.
An rarraba jimlar tambayoyin 114 a cikin wannan binciken, kuma ƙimar farfadowa mai tasiri ya kasance 100%.Daga cikin marasa lafiya 114, 51 maza ne, 63 kuma mata;sun kasance 45.11 ± 11.43 shekaru.Matsakaicin adadin kwanakin tun farkon COVID-19 shine kwanaki 27.69 ± 10.31.Yawancin marasa lafiyar sun yi aure, jimlar 93 lokuta (81.7%).Daga cikin su, an gano ma'aurata tare da COVID-19 ya kai 28.1%, yara sun yi lissafin kashi 12.3%, iyaye sun ƙididdige kashi 28.1%, abokai sun ƙididdige kashi 39.5%.75.4% na masu cutar COVID-19 sun fi damuwa cewa cutar za ta shafi danginsu;70.2% na marasa lafiya suna damuwa game da abubuwan da ke faruwa na cutar;54.4% na marasa lafiya suna damuwa cewa yanayin su zai kara tsananta kuma ya shafi rayuwarsu ta al'ada;32.5% na marasa lafiya suna damuwa cewa cutar za ta shafe su Aiki;21.2% na marasa lafiya suna damuwa cewa cutar za ta shafi lafiyar tattalin arzikin iyalansu.
Jimlar makin MUIS na marasa lafiya na COVID-19 shine 52.2 ± 12.5, yana nuna cewa rashin tabbas na cutar yana kan matsakaicin matakin (Table 1).Mun jera kididdigar kowane abu na rashin tabbas na cutar majiyyaci kuma mun gano cewa abin da ke da maki mafi girma shine "Ba zan iya faɗi tsawon lokacin da cutar ta (maganin) zai daɗe ba" (Table 2).
An yi amfani da bayanan jama'a gabaɗaya na mahalarta azaman madaidaicin rukuni don kwatanta rashin tabbas na cutar na marasa lafiyar COVID-19.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa jinsi, samun kudin shiga na iyali da kuma lokacin farawa (t = -3.130, 2.276, -2.162, p <.05) sun kasance masu mahimmanci (Table 3).
Ɗaukar jimlar MUIS a matsayin madaidaicin abin dogaro, da kuma amfani da mahimman abubuwan ƙididdiga guda uku (jinsi, samun kuɗin iyali na wata-wata, lokacin farawa) a cikin bincike na univariate da bincike na daidaitawa azaman masu canji masu zaman kansu, an yi nazari na koma baya da yawa.Matsalolin da a ƙarshe suka shiga lissafin koma baya sune jinsi, samun kuɗin iyali na wata-wata da lokacin farawa na COVID-19, waɗanda sune manyan abubuwa uku waɗanda ke shafar masu canjin dogaro (Table 4).
Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna cewa jimillar adadin MUIS na marasa lafiya na COVID-19 shine 52.2±12.5, yana nuna cewa rashin tabbas na cutar yana a matsakaicin matakin, wanda ya yi daidai da binciken rashin tabbas na cututtuka na cututtuka daban-daban kamar COPD, cututtukan zuciya. cuta, da ciwon jini.Matsalolin dialysis, zazzabi wanda ba a san asalinsa ba a gida da waje (Hoth et al., 2015; Li et al., 2018; Lyu et al., 2019; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018; Yang et al., 2015).Dangane da ka'idar rashin tabbas na cutar Mishel (Mishel, 2018; Zhang, 2017), sabawa da daidaiton al'amuran COVID-19 sun kasance a matakin ƙasa kaɗan, saboda sabon cuta ne, wanda ba a sani ba kuma mai saurin yaduwa, wanda zai iya rashin tabbas da ke haifar da shi. babban matakin cuta.Sai dai sakamakon binciken bai nuna sakamakon da ake sa ran ba.Dalilai masu yiwuwa su ne kamar haka: (a) Ƙarfin bayyanar cututtuka shine babban dalilin rashin tabbas na cututtuka (Mishel et al., 2018).Dangane da ka'idojin shigar da asibitocin mafaka na tafi-da-gidanka, duk marasa lafiya marasa lafiya ne.Saboda haka, rashin tabbas na cutar bai kai wani babban matakin ba;(b) Tallafin zamantakewa shine babban abin hasashen matakin rashin tabbas na cutar.Tare da goyan bayan martanin ƙasa ga COVID-19, ana iya shigar da marasa lafiya a asibitocin matsuguni ta hannu cikin lokaci bayan ganewar asali, kuma suna karɓar ƙwararrun kulawa daga ƙungiyoyin likitocin daga duk larduna da biranen ƙasar.Bugu da kari kuma, gwamnati ce ke daukar nauyin jinya, ta yadda majiyyata ba su da wata damuwa, kuma a wani lokaci, rashin tabbas na wadannan marasa lafiya ya ragu;(C).Asibitin mafaka ta hannu ya tattara adadi mai yawa na COVID-19 marasa lafiya tare da alamu masu laushi.Musayar da aka yi tsakanin su ya kara musu kwarin gwiwa wajen shawo kan cutar.Yanayin aiki yana taimaka wa marasa lafiya su guje wa tsoro, damuwa, damuwa da sauran mummunan motsin rai da ke haifar da warewa, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci yana rage rashin tabbas ga marasa lafiya game da cutar (Parker et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2018).
Abun da ke da maki mafi girma shine "Ba zan iya yin hasashen tsawon lokacin da cutar ta (jiyya) za ta dawwama ba", wanda shine 3.52± 1.09.A gefe guda, saboda COVID-19 sabuwar cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa, marasa lafiya ba su san komai game da shi ba;a gefe guda kuma, yanayin cutar yana da tsawo.A cikin wannan binciken, lokuta 69 sun fara fiye da kwanaki 28, wanda ya kai kashi 60.53% na adadin masu amsawa.Matsakaicin tsawon zama na marasa lafiya 114 a cikin asibitin mafaka ta hannu shine (13.07 ± 5.84).Daga cikinsu, mutane 39 sun zauna sama da makonni 2 (fiye da kwanaki 14), wanda ya kai kashi 34.21% na jimlar.Saboda haka, mai haƙuri ya ba da maki mafi girma ga abu.
Abu na biyu mai daraja "Ban tabbata ba ko cutar ta tana da kyau ko mara kyau" tana da maki na 3.20 ± 1.21.COVID-19 sabuwar cuta ce, wacce ba a sani ba, kuma mai saurin yaduwa.Abubuwan da suka faru, ci gaba da maganin wannan cuta har yanzu suna kan bincike.Mai haƙuri ba shi da tabbacin yadda zai ci gaba da kuma yadda za a bi da shi, wanda zai iya haifar da sakamako mafi girma ga abu.
Matsayi na uku "Ina da tambayoyi da yawa ba tare da amsoshi ba" ya ci 3.04± 1.23.A cikin fuskantar cututtukan da ba a sani ba, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suna ci gaba da bincike da inganta fahimtar su game da cututtuka da ganewar asali da tsare-tsaren magani.Don haka, wasu tambayoyin da ke da alaƙa da cututtuka da marasa lafiya suka yi ƙila ba a sami cikakkiyar amsa ba.Tunda rabon ma'aikatan lafiya a asibitocin matsuguni na wayar hannu gabaɗaya ana kiyaye shi a cikin 6:1 kuma ana aiwatar da tsarin sau huɗu, kowane ma'aikacin likita yana buƙatar kula da marasa lafiya da yawa.Bugu da ƙari, a cikin hanyar sadarwa tare da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sanye da tufafin kariya, za a iya samun wasu adadin bayanan.Ko da yake an ba majiyyaci umarni da bayanin da suka shafi maganin cututtuka kamar yadda zai yiwu, wasu tambayoyi na keɓaɓɓen ƙila ba a sami cikakkiyar amsa ba.
A farkon wannan matsalar lafiya ta duniya, an sami bambance-bambance a cikin bayanan COVID-19 da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, ma'aikatan al'umma, da sauran jama'a suka karɓa.Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ma'aikatan al'umma na iya samun babban matakin wayar da kan jama'a da sanin yadda ake shawo kan annobar ta hanyar darussan horo iri-iri.Jama'a sun ga bayanai mara kyau game da COVID-19 ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai, kamar bayanan da suka shafi rage wadatar kayan aikin likita, wanda ya kara damuwa da rashin lafiya.Wannan yanayin yana misalta buƙatar gaggawar ƙara ɗaukar bayanan lafiya abin dogaro, saboda bayanan yaudara na iya hana hukumomin kiwon lafiya shawo kan annoba (Tran et al., 2020).Babban gamsuwa tare da bayanan kiwon lafiya yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin tasirin tunani, rashin lafiya, da ƙima ko damuwa (Le, Dang, da sauransu, 2020).
Sakamakon bincike na yanzu game da marasa lafiya na COVID-19 ya nuna cewa mata masu fama da rashin tabbas suna da matakin rashin tabbas fiye da marasa lafiya na maza.Mishel ya nuna cewa a matsayin ainihin ma'anar ka'idar, ikon fahimtar mutum zai shafi fahimtar abubuwan da ke da alaka da cututtuka.Nazarin ya nuna cewa akwai manyan bambance-bambance a cikin iyawar fahimtar maza da mata (Hyde, 2014).Mata sun fi dacewa da ji da tunani mai zurfi, yayin da maza suka fi karkata ga tunani na nazari na hankali, wanda zai iya inganta fahimtar majinyacin maza game da motsa jiki, ta yadda za su rage rashin tabbas game da cutar.Maza da mata kuma sun bambanta da nau'i da ingancin motsin rai.Mata sun fi son salon motsin rai da nisantar da su, yayin da maza sukan yi amfani da dabarun warware matsala da dabarun tunani mai kyau don magance abubuwan da ba su dace ba (Schmitt et al., 2017).Wannan kuma ya nuna cewa ya kamata ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya su jagoranci marasa lafiya yadda ya kamata don taimaka musu su kasance da tsaka tsaki yayin tantancewa da fahimtar rashin tabbas na cutar kanta.
Marasa lafiya waɗanda kuɗin gida na wata-wata ya fi RMB 10,000 suna da ƙarancin ƙimar MUIS.Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da sauran karatun (Li et al., 2019; Ni et al., 2018), wanda ya bayyana cewa ƙananan kuɗin shiga gida na wata-wata yana da kyakkyawar hasashen rashin tabbas na cutar marasa lafiya.Dalilin da ke bayan wannan hasashe shine cewa marasa lafiya da ke da ƙananan kuɗi na iyali suna da ƙananan albarkatun zamantakewa da ƙananan tashoshi don samun bayanan cututtuka.Saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali aiki da samun kudin shiga na tattalin arziki, yawanci suna da nauyi na iyali.Sabili da haka, lokacin da aka fuskanci cutar da ba a sani ba kuma mai tsanani, wannan rukunin marasa lafiya sun fi shakku da damuwa, don haka suna nuna rashin tabbas na rashin tabbas.
Yayin da cutar ta dade, ƙananan rashin tabbas na majiyyaci (Mishel, 2018).Sakamakon binciken ya tabbatar da wannan (Tian et al., 2014), yana da'awar cewa haɓakar cututtukan cututtuka na yau da kullum, jiyya, da kuma asibiti yana taimakawa marasa lafiya su gane da kuma sanin abubuwan da suka shafi Cutar.Koyaya, sakamakon wannan binciken yana nuna sabanin hujja.Musamman, rashin tabbas na cututtukan da suka wuce kwanaki 28 ko fiye tun farkon COVID-19 ya karu sosai, wanda yayi daidai da Li (Li et al., 2018) a cikin bincikensa na marasa lafiya da zazzabi da ba a san su ba.Sakamakon ya dace da dalili.Abubuwan da suka faru, haɓakawa da kuma maganin cututtuka na yau da kullum sun bayyana a fili.A matsayin sabon cuta mai yaduwa da ba zato ba tsammani, COVID-19 har yanzu ana binciken.Hanyar magance cutar ita ce ta tashi a cikin ruwan da ba a sani ba, lokacin da wasu abubuwan gaggawa suka faru.Abubuwan da suka faru, kamar marasa lafiya waɗanda suka sake komawa bayan an sallame su daga asibiti a lokacin kamuwa da cuta.Saboda rashin tabbas na gano cutar, jiyya da fahimtar kimiyya game da cutar, kodayake farkon COVID-19 ya tsawaita, marasa lafiya da ke da COVID-19 har yanzu ba su da tabbas game da ci gaban cutar da kuma magance cutar.Yayin da ake fuskantar rashin tabbas, tsawon lokacin da cutar ta COVID-19 ta fara, mafi yawan damuwa da majiyyaci zai kasance game da tasirin maganin cutar, mafi ƙarfin rashin tabbas game da halayen cutar, kuma mafi girman rashin tabbas na cutar. .
Sakamakon ya nuna cewa marasa lafiya da ke da halayen da ke sama ya kamata su kasance masu fama da cututtuka, kuma makasudin maganin cutar shine neman hanyar kulawa don rage cututtuka.Ya haɗa da ilimin kiwon lafiya, goyon bayan bayanai, jiyya na hali, da kuma ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa (CBT).Ga marasa lafiya na COVID-19, maganin ɗabi'a na iya taimaka musu su yi amfani da dabarun shakatawa don yaƙar damuwa da hana ɓarna ta hanyar canza jadawalin ayyukan yau da kullun.CBT na iya rage halayen da ba su da kyau, kamar gujewa, adawa da zargin kai.Inganta ikon su don sarrafa damuwa (Ho et al., 2020).Rashin daidaituwa na Intanit (I-CBT) Comments zai iya amfana da marasa lafiya da ke kamuwa da su a gida kuma ba su da damar yin amfani da kwararrun likitoci (HO et al., 2020; soh et al., 2020; Zhang & Ho, 2017).
Adadin MUIS na marasa lafiya na COVID-19 a asibitocin mafaka ta hannu suna nuna matsakaicin matakin rashin tabbas na cuta.Wanda yake da mafi girman maki a cikin girma uku shine rashin tabbas.An gano cewa rashin tabbas na cutar yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da lokacin tun farkon COVID-19, kuma yana da alaƙa mara kyau da kuɗin shiga na gida na kowane wata.Maza sun yi ƙasa da na mata.Tunatar da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da su ba da kulawa ga mata marasa lafiya, marasa lafiya da ke da karancin kudin shiga na wata-wata da kuma dogon lokaci na rashin lafiya, ɗaukar matakan shiga tsakani don rage rashin tabbas ga marasa lafiya game da yanayin su, jagorar marasa lafiya don ƙarfafa imaninsu, fuskantar cutar tare da kyakkyawan hali, ba da haɗin kai tare da jiyya, da haɓaka yarda da jiyya Jima'i.
Kamar kowane bincike, wannan binciken yana da wasu iyakoki.A cikin wannan binciken, ma'aunin kima da kai kawai aka yi amfani da shi don bincika rashin tabbas na cutar COVID-19 marasa lafiya da aka kula da su a asibitocin mafaka ta hannu.Akwai bambance-bambancen al'adu a cikin rigakafin cututtuka da sarrafawa a yankuna daban-daban (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała, et al., 2020), wanda zai iya rinjayar wakilcin samfurori da kuma duniya na sakamakon.Wata matsala kuma ita ce, saboda yanayin binciken da aka yi a tsakanin sassan, wannan binciken bai gudanar da bincike mai zurfi ba game da sauye-sauye na rashin tabbas na cututtuka da kuma tasirinsa na dogon lokaci ga marasa lafiya.Wani bincike ya nuna cewa babu wani gagarumin canje-canje na dogon lokaci a cikin matakan damuwa, damuwa da damuwa a cikin yawan jama'a bayan makonni 4 (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020b).Ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙirar tsayin daka don bincika matakai daban-daban na cutar da tasirinta ga marasa lafiya.
Ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga ra'ayi da ƙira, ko samun bayanai, ko bincike da fassarar bayanai;DL.DL, CL, DS a ƙarshe sun amince da sigar da za a fito.Kowane marubuci ya kamata ya shiga cikin aikin kuma ya ɗauki alhakin jama'a don ɓangaren da ya dace na abun ciki;DL.DS
Da fatan za a duba imel ɗin ku don umarnin sake saita kalmar wucewa.Idan ba ku sami imel a cikin mintuna 10 ba, adireshin imel ɗin ku bazai yi rajista ba kuma kuna iya buƙatar ƙirƙirar sabon asusun Laburare na Wiley Online.
Idan adireshin ya yi daidai da asusun da ke akwai, za ku karɓi imel tare da umarni don dawo da sunan mai amfani
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-16-2021